On the Experience of Using NI ELVIS III in Remote Laboratory Practice During Pandemic Lockdown

By the beginning of COVID pandemic, remote education technology have was being implemented at some level by almost every educational institution, but the following lockdown forced the world to accelerate this process. In these circumstances, a lack of laboratory practice in online engineering education was revealed. The existing lab equipment, even quite modern, was focused on offline laboratory experience, and required enough efforts to be reachable from the outside. The International Scientific and Educational Center “National Instruments – Polytechnic” possessed a number of virtual instrumentation lab stations called NI ELVIS II, which had been being used in education for more than 10 years and allowed the replacement outdated bulky instruments with computer-based all-in-one virtual measurement solutions. But even these devices required additional development to allow students to work remotely, did not allow them to work in groups and manage access control. The new product applied by our professors called NI ELVIS III appeared to be a perfect solution to establish online lab practice. We managed to run several labs in electronics course with almost zero configuration, group collaboration and possible real-time teacher supervision. The paper describes the experience of applying NI ELVIS III in remote electronics lab, the benefits and caveats of using this platform. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Modeling of breathing, precipitation of medical drugs in aerosol form, and curing of Coronavirus infection by using a thermal helium-oxygen mixture

The study is aimed at calculating the air flow and modeling precipitation of droplets of medical drugs in human lungs. The problem is solved by using a previously designed three-dimensional model of the human bronchial tree. The gas flow in lungs and precipitation of aerosols are computed by the method of stage-by-stage calculation of the flow in the bronchial tree, which allows the air flow and precipitation of aerosol droplets to be traced over all bronchial branches up to alveoli. Human breathing is simulated by an example of COVID-19 curing with the use of a thermal helium-oxygen mixture. It is shown that breathing of the thermal helium-oxygen mixture requires less effort from the patient than breathing of air. Equalization of the temperature of the heated inhaled gas with the human body temperature is shown to occur in the upper branches of the bronchi. © 2021 Author(s).

Initialization of a Disease Transmission Model

Approaches to the estimation of the full state vector of a larger epidemiological model for the spread of Covid-19 in Sweden at the initial time instant from available data and with a simplified dynamical model are proposed and evaluated. The larger epidemiological model is based on a time-continuous Markov chain and captures the demographic composition of and the transport flows between the counties of Sweden. Its intended use is to predict the outbreak development in temporal and spatial coordinates as well as across the demographic groups. It can also support evaluations and comparisions of prospective intervention strategies in terms of, e.g., lockdown in certain areas or isolation of specific age groups. The simplified model is a discrete time-invariant linear system that has cumulative infectious incidence, infected population, asymptomatic population, exposed population, and infectious pressure as the state variables. Since the system matrix of the model depends on a number of transition rates, structural properties of the model are investigated for suitable parameter ranges. It is concluded that the model becomes unobservable for some parameter values. Two contrasting approaches to the initial state estimation are considered. One is a version of Rauch Tung Striebel smoother and another is based on solving a batch nonlinear optimization problem. The benefits and shortcomings of the considered estimation techniques are analyzed and compared. Copyright (C) 2020 The Authors.

Air flow and precipitation of medicine aerosol droplets in the human bronchial tree

The work is devoted to the calculation of gas flow and modeling of droplet sedimentation of medicinal aerosols in human lungs. To solve this problem, a previously constructed three-dimensional model of a human bronchial tree was used. For calculation of gas flow in lungs and aerosol deposition the method of step-by-step calculation of the flow in bronchial tree was used. It allowed to calculate the air flow and aerosol droplets deposition in all bronchial branches up to alveolus. Human breathing was calculated using COVID-19 thermal helium-oxygen mixture treatment method. Breathing with a thermal helium-oxygen mixture requires less effort from the patient than breathing with air. Three-dimensional numerical calculations of air flow and aerosol droplets in human lungs have been performed. The characteristics of a serial medical nebulizer were used to calculate the deposition of aerosol droplets. It is shown that the number of past droplets depends (except for flow, droplet size) on the duration of breath. The nebulizer under consideration does not provide delivery of medicines to the lung alveolus. © 2021 Author(s).

Neural network, ecological ecotone and tele-health in the development of rural areas during the crisis period caused by the pandemic Covid-19

The study presents materials that reveal some aspects of the development of the era of neural networks in the XXI century. It is shown that the study of the movement of matter and energy in the ecological ecotone between the human environment and landscapes contributes to the further development of humanity, including in rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Extrapolating the logic of the development of ecotones to the management of smart technologies, we can justify the passionate areas of economic transformations that transform the environment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many of the values that guided people were revised, ensuring life-saving safety and longevity, and receiving modern medical care came first. Homes began to acquire the status of biomedical startups that intensify the scientific research of international corporations in the development of home telemedicine.